Who was Ulrich Beck and what concept is he known for?

Ulrich Beck was a prominent sociologist who is best known for his concepts of 'risk society' and 'reflexive modernity.' His work emerged in response to the complexities and uncertainties introduced by modernity, particularly in the context of industrialization and globalization.

The notion of 'risk society' refers to the idea that contemporary societies are increasingly preoccupied with the risks and dangers that arise from modern technological advancements and social changes, rather than focusing solely on the distribution of wealth and resources. Beck argued that the threats posed by these risks, such as environmental disasters, terrorism, and economic crises, are often global in nature and highlight the limitations of traditional societal structures.

Additionally, his concept of 'reflexive modernity' suggests that in a world where individuals are more aware of these risks, there is a shift toward a critical self-reflection about societal norms, institutions, and values. This self-awareness can lead to new forms of social participation and a reconsideration of the way risks are managed within contemporary life.

In summary, Beck's contributions to sociology emphasize the transformation of society under the pressures of modernization and globalization, making option B the accurate choice.