Which type of nationalism is based on political values and shared citizenship?

Civic nationalism is based on the idea of a nation defined by shared political values and citizenship rather than by ethnic, cultural, or historical characteristics. This form of nationalism emphasizes the importance of legal equality, civic participation, and a sense of belonging that is inclusive of all citizens, regardless of their background.

In civic nationalism, the focus is on the rights and duties of individuals as part of a political community, promoting integration and social cohesion through shared democratic ideals. This is contrasted with ethnic nationalism, which roots nationhood in shared heritage, language, or ethnicity, often leading to exclusionary practices based on these factors. Modernism nationalism often refers to the context of state-building in conjunction with modern political ideologies and may incorporate elements of civic nationalism but does not solely focus on political values. Primordialism emphasizes the natural and inherent bonds between people of a shared ethnic or cultural background, which is fundamentally different from the principles underpinning civic nationalism.