Which theory posits that nations are products of modernity?

The theory that posits that nations are products of modernity is Modernism (Nationalism). This perspective asserts that the concept of the nation is a modern construct that arose in response to the social, political, and economic changes brought about by modernization, such as industrialization, urbanization, and the rise of the nation-state.

Modernists believe that the formation of nations is tied to specific historical developments, including the emergence of capitalism and mass communication, which created the conditions for national identities to form and evolve. This view contrasts with theories like primordialism, which suggests that nations have ancient, deep-rooted identities, and ethnic nationalism, which emphasizes common ancestry and cultural heritage as the basis for national identity.

Civic nationalism, on the other hand, focuses on shared citizenship and political principles rather than ethnic or cultural ties, which also distinguishes it from the modernist viewpoint. Overall, Modernism (Nationalism) provides a framework for understanding how nations and national identities are shaped and constructed in the context of contemporary social changes.