What element does Perennialism emphasize most in the formation of national identity?

Perennialism focuses on the importance of cultural heritage as a foundational element in the formation of national identity. This philosophical perspective argues that enduring and integral aspects of culture—including traditions, values, and historical narratives—are vital in shaping the character and identity of a nation.

By emphasizing cultural heritage, Perennialism suggests that continuity and a deep connection to the past play significant roles in how individuals understand their identity within the context of their nation. This heritage includes language, customs, art, and shared memories, which collectively forge a sense of belonging and shared identity among the members of a society.

In contrast, while civic engagement, economic development, and technological progress may contribute to national identity, they are considered more transient or dependent on contemporary circumstances. They do not encompass the deeper, historical roots and values that cultural heritage provides, which are central to the Perennialist viewpoint.